pH Calculator
Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration [H+] or determine [H+] from pH. Also shows pOH = 14 − pH.
Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration [H+], or find [H+] from pH. Results show both pH and pOH.
About this Calculator
Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration [H+] or determine [H+] from pH. Also shows pOH = 14 − pH.
Formula & Calculations
Formula
pH = −log₁₀[H+], [H+] = 10^(−pH), pOH = 14 − pHWhere:
- pH=Measure of acidity (0–14 scale, 7 = neutral)
- [H+]=Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L
- pOH=Measure of basicity, pOH = 14 − pH at 25°C
Assumptions
- Calculations assume aqueous solution at 25°C.
- Kw = [H+][OH−] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C.
- Values outside the 0–14 range are mathematically possible but uncommon.
Calculation Examples
Example 1
pH = −log(10⁻⁷) = 7. At 25°C, pOH = 14 − 7 = 7.
Example 2
pH = −log(0.001) = 3.
Example 3
[H+] = 10⁻⁴·⁵ = 3.162 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does pH measure?
pH measures the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution on a logarithmic scale from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). A pH of 7 is neutral. Each unit change represents a 10-fold change in H+ concentration.
What is pOH and how does it relate to pH?
pOH measures hydroxide ion concentration. At 25°C, pH + pOH = 14. A solution with pH 3 has pOH 11, meaning it's acidic. pH and pOH are complementary.